Cu is used for the MET5 interconnect layer to significantly reduce RC delay compared to traditional aluminum systems P2. However, Cu diffuses rapidly into adjacent SiO2 or low-k dielectrics, which can cause deep trap levels and catastrophic device failure P2. Therefore, a barrier and liner system is mandatory before the subsequent Cu seed deposition P2. The Ta-based system, typically a TaN/Ta bilayer, is deposited into the etched and cleaned MET5 trenches and vias P3. TaN acts as the primary dif